In the initial report of the Gore REDUCE trial of patent foramen ovale closure, with a median follow-up of 3.2 years, 18 patients had stroke recurrence (6 in the PFO closure group and 12 in the antiplatelet-only group). After a median follow-up of 5 years, 20 patients had stroke recurrence, with the two additional strokes occurring in the PFO closure group.